Lectio Divina: A Pathway to Divine Communion

Lectio Divina, translated from Latin as “Divine Reading,” is an ancient monastic practice that involves contemplative reading of Scripture. It is a method of prayer that encourages deep engagement with the Word of God, fostering a personal relationship with God through the written text.

Lectio Divina involves a four-step process of reading, meditation, prayer, and contemplation that invites participants into a profound dialogue with sacred texts, most notably the Bible.

It is called “Lectio Divina” i.e., “reading of the Word of God in conversation with God.” It is based on the fact that the Bible is the Word of God and as such though incarnated in history, at the same time transcends the historical dimension and is able to address the individual directly.

Lectio Divina is the reading of the Bible in such a way that it becomes a prayer and transforms life. It includes four moments that are very important. Leaving aside any of these moments or executing it without order makes such a reading ineffective or even counterproductive.

This article will provide a comprehensive overview of Lectio Divina, tracing its  methods, historical origins, procedural aspects, theological significance, and contemporary applications.

The four moments are:

• Reading
• Meditation
• Prayer
• Contemplation

1) Clarifying READING

The first step involves selecting a biblical passage or sacred text and reading it deliberately and attentively. Unlike hurried reading aimed at comprehension, Lectio encourages a slow, reflective reading pace, inviting individuals to absorb the words deeply. The reader focuses on the words and their meaning, trying to understand the construction, context and message. This stage is about listening—cultivating an awareness of the text as one might a lyrical poem or profound letter, allowing the words to resonate within the heart.

One should read and re-read the text, underlining in such a way that the important aspects are evidenced. (For this sake one could make use of a pen or pencil).

Underline the verbs, perhaps in red, encircle the principal subjects so that they are well clear at a glance.

With a cross or another sign put in relief other words that strike me. Where the sense is not clear for me, put a question mark at the margin.

In short, the actions that are described, the ambient in which they take place, and the subjects who act and the objects who receive the actions should be well evidenced.

A double underlining could indicate what is the central point for me.

It is an easy work, but it is very important that it be made not in mind but on the paper.

After this, it will be helpful to search similar passages of the Bible and helping oneself with the explanatory notes.

Questions in this respect that will be of help may be: in which another gospel have I found the same event? Was this insistence of Jesus already somewhere in the OT? Where? Does it come up somewhere in the letter of St. Paul? Then find out those passage, note the similarities and differences. All these make us understand better the passage that we are reading.

2) MEDITATION

Once the passage is read, the reader meditates on it, pondering the words and their implications. This stage encourages thoughtful reflection on the selected text, allowing individuals to ponder its meaning personally and universally. Questions may arise: What does this passage reveal about my life? How does it speak to my current struggles or joys? The aim is to engage the mind and spirit deeply, allowing the words to unfold and illuminate inner truths.

One should reflect on what the text wants to tell us; on the sentiments and the permanent values of the text.

 One searches the proposals and judgments of values that are explicit and implicit in the words, attitudes and actions.

It is made through questions such as the following: How have the personalities in the text behaved themselves? What are their attitudes (towards Jesus, or that of Jesus towards others)? Why are those words said? What meaning have those gestures?….

In this manner the sentiments and the permanent and central values implicit within the text emerge: sentiments of man in every age, such as the fear, the joy, hope, doubt, solitude, fear of giving oneself etc. The attitudes of God towards us: generosity, mercy, patience… Reflection on the sentiments and values then becomes the source of meeting and facing the personal situations and experience of the one who reads and meditates: in which person of the text do I find myself? Do I have the desire of Zacheus to see the Lord? Do I live the need of salvation as in Mary Magdalene? Do I plead for the necessity of faith as the father of the epileptic child? Or am I similar to the man who believed himself just and invited the Lord to examine him? Do I receive the pardon of the Lord? What Jesus tells, does it frighten me, perhaps because it is inconvenient for me, or because it makes demands on me and asks me to change something in life?

Such affective reflection is not an end in itself, but it tends to put me in dialogue with Jesus, to make it a prayer.

3) PRAYER

The third step transitions naturally from meditation to prayer. In this stage, the reader engages in dialogue with God, expressing thoughts, feelings, and questions arising from the meditation. It is a time of personal prayer. This step emphasizes that prayer is less about formality and more about connection and communion.

The text that is attentively read and meditatively reflected gradually reveals to me the presence of the Lord; I realize that those words are a personal invitation made to me.

The prayer begins to involve me. I enter into the religious sentiments that the text evokes and give rise to: the praise of God for his greatness, for his generosity towards us; thanks giving; request for further grace; I request pardon because in front of the values that are demanded of me I find myself wanting; I humbly ask that I be able to be coherent in my life with the indications that the Lord asks me; I express faith, hope and love; The prayer then extends towards ones own friends, for one’s own community, for the Church, for the whole humanity.

At one point, the prayer passes over to contemplation almost without ones noticing it.

4)CONTEMPLATION

The final stage involves a period of silent contemplation, where the reader rests in God’s presence, allowing the Spirit to work within. It is a time of deep communion and spiritual experience.

Unlike meditation, where thoughts are actively engaged, contemplation invites a restful awareness, allowing the individual to bask in God’s presence. This stage fosters a sense of peace and loving union with the divine. It is within this sacred silence that participants may experience profound clarity, insight, and divine peace.

When one prays and loves very much words become almost wanting and one does not think so much one the single elements of the text that we have read. One feels the need only to look at God (Jesus) and allow oneself to be engulfed in the mystery, to repose in him, to love him as the greatest friend, to receive His love for me.

It is a profound and unexplainable intuition that beyond the words, signs, the facts narrated, things grasped, values that emerge, there is something-someone- much greater.

It is the intuition of the Kingdom of God within me, the certainty of having touched God.

Then, the reading of the Bible (lectio divina) becomes not merely a school of prayer; becomes a school of life. Having personally experienced Jesus as the saviour and friend inevitably changes my life, my judgments, my criteria and becomes a practical confession lived in my daily choice that He is the Lord of my life and of the whole human history.

Reminder

A word, phrase, short sentence from the text, to be repeated during the day.

Practical Example

Introduction

Make whatever preparations you need to leave the shadow world behind and encounter the fire of the Spirit and the light of God.

If you have chosen a specific bodily position, adopt it. If you have chosen to prepare the space and the place in some way (perhaps drawing a curtain or lighting a candle), make that preparation.

Eliminate distractions and the possibility of interruption.

Sign of the Cross

We invoke God, in whose name we act and to whom we are about to open ourselves.

In the name of the Father, † and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

Amen.

Invocation of the Holy Spirit

We invoke the Holy Spirit, who will speak to us and listen in us.

Come, Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of your faithful and kindle in them the fire of your love.

Send forth your Spirit, and they shall be created.

And you shall renew the face of the earth.

Act of Contrition

By acknowledging our sinfulness and admitting that by ourselves we can do nothing that is not flawed, we ask God to take the initiative in this encounter.

Have mercy on us, 0 Lord:

For we have sinned against you.

Show us, 0 Lord, your mercy:

And grant us your salvation.

May almighty God have mercy on us, forgive us our sins, and bring us to everlasting life.

Amen.

The Gospel

A reading from the holy Gospel according to ….

The Gospel should be read slowly, meditatively with pauses between the sense requires it. The aim is not to tell the text to God, who knows it. God tells it to us. For this, there must be silences so that what God is telling us can be heard

When a group is doing Lectio Divina, it is usually best to take turns in reading the Gospel, since for many people speaking will bring the words to mind better tl does. But do not let this become a distraction in itself: have a clear order known and a simple signal for handing over the baton from one person to the next.

The passage of Matthew 28:16-20, often referred to as the Great Commission, represents a defining moment in the New Testament and encapsulates the core mission entrusted to Jesus’ followers after His resurrection. This scripture not only serves as an imperative command to “make disciples” but also delineates the foundational authority upon which this directive rests and the divine assurance that accompanies it.

The Great Commission:

Understanding Matthew 28:16-20

Matthew 28:16-20   ¹⁶ Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them.  ¹⁷ And when they saw him they worshiped him; but some doubted. 

¹⁸ And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.  ¹⁹ Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, ²⁰ teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age.”

The passage of Matthew 28:16-20, often referred to as the Great Commission, represents a defining moment in the New Testament and encapsulates the core mission entrusted to Jesus’ followers after His resurrection. This scripture not only serves as an imperative command to “make disciples” but also delineates the foundational authority upon which this directive rests and the divine assurance that accompanies it.

Structural Anatomy: A-B-A’ Format

The Great Commission is meticulously structured with a literary form known as an A-B-A’ sandwich, where the beginning and end (part A and A’) provide context and framing for the central command (part B). In this passage, the first statement of authority—“All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me” (Matthew 28:18)—sets the stage for the imperative command that follows. This assertion is critical; it establishes Jesus as the ultimate authority capable of sending His disciples into the world. It frames the mission in the profound reality of Jesus’ divine power, reinforcing that the subsequent directives are not mere suggestions but authoritative commands.

Closing the commission is the assurance of Jesus’ ongoing presence: “I am with you always, to the end of the age” (Matthew 28:20). This promise is equally essential, providing encouragement and strength to the disciples as they undertake the vast responsibilities placed upon them. The sandwich structure thus not only highlights the authority behind the commission but also the support and companionship offered by Christ throughout this endeavor.

The Core Imperative: Make Disciples

At the heart of this passage lies the imperative to “make disciples” (Matthew 28:19). This command is both broad in its scope and profound in its implications. Discipleship goes beyond mere conversion; it encompasses a holistic journey of faith, growth, and obedience to the teachings of Jesus. The call to make disciples urges believers to engage in a process that nurtures spiritual maturity and transforms lives in accordance with the teachings of Christ.

This imperative, however, is not designed to be carried out in isolation. Instead, it is supported by three parallel participles that elucidate the methods by which disciples are to be made: “going,” “baptizing,” and “teaching.” Each of these components carries significant weight and functions to enhance the main directive.

3. Going: The first action, “going,” encapsulates the necessity of proactive engagement with the world. The gospel is not meant to be confined within the established walls of the church or community. Instead, it calls for believers to venture out, to engage actively with the broader humanity, and to share the message of Christ. The verb indicates movement and implies an outward orientation of mission that transcends geographical and cultural boundaries.
4. Baptizing: The act of baptizing serves as a public declaration of faith and a rite of initiation into the Christian community. By instructing His disciples to baptize all nations, Jesus underscores the importance of including diverse peoples in the community of faith. Baptism symbolizes not only individual commitment but also the establishment of a collective identity as part of the body of Christ, thereby fostering a sense of belonging and communal support.
5. Teaching: The third element, “teaching,” emphasizes the ongoing role of education and spiritual formation in the life of a disciple. Discipleship is not a one-time event but rather a continual process of learning and growing in relationship with Christ. By teaching the commandments of Jesus, the disciples are tasked with ensuring that new believers embody the values and principles of the Kingdom of God in their lives.

Inclusivity: All Nations

The object of this commission—“all nations”—is a revolutionary aspect of this passage. It embodies the inclusive nature of the gospel, extending God’s love beyond the boundaries of Israel to encompass Gentiles and all people. This radical inclusivity underscores the universal relevance of Christ’s message and represents a significant shift in the biblical narrative. It calls the early church to embrace a mission that transcends ethnic and cultural divisions, inviting every individual to experience the transformative power of the gospel.

The Assurance of Christ’s Presence

Finally, the closing promise of Jesus’ presence—“I am with you always” (Matthew 28:20)—serves as a foundational assurance for all believers undertaking the mission He commanded. This promise of companionship signifies that Jesus does not merely issue directives and depart; rather, He remains actively involved in the lives of His followers. This ongoing presence is essential for empowering believers as they face challenges, opposition, and obstacles in their mission to spread the gospel.

The assurance of His presence provides both comfort and confidence. It is a reassurance that the mission is divinely endorsed, and that the believer is never alone. In the face of adversity, trials, and uncertainties, this promise becomes a wellspring of strength and hope, propelling believers forward in their evangelistic efforts.

Conclusion

Matthew 28:16-20 is a pivotal passage that encapsulates the essence of the Christian mission through its structured components—an authoritative command centered around making disciples supported by ways to engage with the world and a promise of Christ’s presence. The Great Commission is an enduring call to action that transcends time, culture, and location. Each believer is entrusted with the responsibility of participating in the mission of God, reassured by the promise of Christ’s abiding presence. In this way, the Great Commission invites each generation to carry forward the transformative message of Christ, fostering discipleship that is rooted in both authority and accessibility. Through understanding and adhering to this commission, the Christian community today continues to fulfill the mandate given by Jesus, embodying the teachings and spirit of the gospel in our world.

The Response

Meditatio (reflection)

What does the Gospel say to me?

God has willed me to be here, now, today, for a reason. to reflect, and find

 Now is that reason and hear what God has chosen to tell me.

A good pattern is this:

What has drawn my attention or struck me in some way?

• Why? Was it a person? A word? A situation? A gesture?
• What, therefore, is God saying to me through these words, here and now, today?

The I and the “me” are important. To say “we” or “us is to evade the encounter by softening the focus and hiding behind membership of a group, face to face, one to one.

The shared echo

When several people are doing Lectio together, especially if they do so regularly then there is the opportunity for each person to share the words that have had the most Impact in today’s passage, or the message it has conveyed.

There is no obligation to share an echo, and some members may take many meetings before sharing one or may even never do so.

An echo is what struck me-not “you’’ or “us”. It is not a mini-sermon or a carefully crafted uplifting thought. Echoes do not have echoes. The sharing of echoes and the listening to echoes are not a discussion aiming at a conclusion, but the opening of one heart to another.

The experience of sharing echoes brings the group closer together. Over time, its power grows.

Oratio (prayer)

God has spoken to me. What do I reply?

Silently, each of us responds to what God has said to him through the passage we have read and even through the echoes we have heard.

As a matter of human practicality, one person should be responsible for deciding the time taken for silent prayer. Even better, a timer or hourglass can be used. Otherwise “Are we nearly there yet?” can be a potent distraction.

Contemplatio (contemplation)

Sometimes we may be led beyond prayer into a quiet and attentive resting in the presence of God.

Conclusion

We prepare to return to the everyday world, carrying with us what we have received in our minds and our hearts today.

Our Father, who art in heaven,

 hallowed be thy name.

Thy kingdom come.

 Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread,

 and forgive us our trespasses,

 as we forgive those who trespass against us,

and lead us not into temptation,

 but deliver us from evil.

May the Lord bless us, and keep us from all evil, and bring us to everlasting life.

Amen.

___________________________

Theological Significance

The theological bedrock of Lectio Divina is deeply intertwined with the understanding of Scripture as a means of divine revelation. The practice encourages believers to see the Bible not merely as a historical document but as a living conversation between God and humanity.

The theological underpinnings evident in Lectio Divina echo the beliefs of the early Church Fathers, asserting that the Holy Spirit plays an integral role in illuminating the text to the reader. This dynamic interaction between the individual and Scripture brings the transformative power of the Word into personal and communal life, reinforcing the belief that God’s presence can be encountered through engaged reading and reflection.

Moreover, Lectio Divina functions as a spiritual discipline that fosters humility, patience, and a willingness to listen—qualities essential for any meaningful relationship with the divine. By creating space for this sacred practice, believers can cultivate an enhanced biblical literacy that moves beyond mere intellectual knowledge towards an embodied spirituality that transforms the heart.

Benefits of Lectio Divina

Lectio Divina offers numerous benefits for spiritual growth and personal well-being, including:

• Deepening Relationship with God: By engaging with Scripture in a contemplative manner, individuals can develop a deeper and more intimate relationship with God.
• Spiritual Growth: The practice can foster spiritual growth and maturity as individuals learn to listen to God’s voice and respond to His guidance.
• Increased Mindfulness: The practice can improve mindfulness, allowing individuals to be more present and aware of their thoughts and feelings.
• Enhanced Understanding of Scripture: By engaging with Scripture slowly and attentively, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the Bible’s message and its relevance to their lives.

Tips for Practicing Lectio Divina

• Choose a Quiet Space: Find a quiet place where you can be undisturbed and focus on your reading.
• Use a Good Translation: Choose a Bible translation that resonates with you and is easy to understand.
• Start Slowly: Begin with short passages and gradually increase the length as you become more comfortable.
• Don’t Be Afraid of Silence: Embrace the silence that may arise during the contemplation stage.
• Be Patient: Lectio Divina is a journey, and it may take time to experience its full benefits.

Contemporary Applications

In an increasingly fast-paced world where spiritual practices can often feel superficial or hurried, Lectio Divina stands as a powerful antidote. Its contemplative approach offers individuals an opportunity to retreat from external noise and distractions, employing sacred text as a means of reconnecting with God amid life’s busyness.

The practice has gained traction in numerous Christian denominations and interfaith circles as a tool for personal and communal worship. Church revitalization initiatives often incorporate Lectio Divina as part of their liturgical reforms, encouraging congregations to engage scripture deeply. Furthermore, many spiritual formation programs and retreats include Lectio Divina as a core component, aiding participants in developing a sustainable practice of reflection and prayer.

Conclusion

Lectio Divina represents more than a mere method of reading Scripture; it embodies a holistic spiritual practice that nurtures a profound relationship with God. As a tradition rooted in the early Christian faith, its relevance persists, providing practitioners with tools for introspection, prayer, and divine connection in an ever-evolving spiritual landscape. Through its four contemplative steps, Lectio Divina invites individuals to embark on a journey of discovery—a journey where the sacred text becomes a pathway to communion with the divine, transforming hearts and lives in the process. As such, it remains a timeless treasure for anyone seeking to cultivate a deeper spiritual life amidst the distractions of the modern age.